Symptoms And Treatment Of Ptsd - 914 Words

PTSD PTSD is a psychological disorder that develops in people who have seen, lived, or imagined a shocking, scary, or dangerous event. PTSD is most prevalent in military soldiers who have been involved with war and have saw death or been in fear for their life. It can also take place in people who have been in a bad car accident or other situation where they â€Å"saw their life flash before their eyes.† Some cases of PTSD actually never occur to an individual but reoccurring dreams have caused the individual to be in constant fear. CAPS is the gold standard for PTSD assessment. This is a 30-item structured interview that can diagnose PTSD and the severities. According to the Cap-5 scale, there are 4 severities of PTSD. 0 is absent, the individual denies reports of having this disease and no evidence shows that there is any issues. 1 is mild, the respondent responds to an issue but the symptom criteria isn’t significant enough to consider is a clinical disease. 2 is mod erate, the respondent has a clinically significant problem and could be a target for intervention. This rating requires a minimum of 2 times for the flashbacks to occur and a minimum intensity of clearly present. 3 is severe, the problem is above threshold and it is overwhelming. The individual would likely need intervention. The issue occurs at least 2 times a week and the minimum intensity is pronounced. 4 is extreme, the problem is pervasive, unmanageable, and the individual needs intervention immediately.Show MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Ptsd1434 Words   |  6 Pagesdanger or face it head on. With PTSD, this recoil of a decision is altered or impaired. PTSD is established when a terrifying incident places you in jeopardy of being harmed, which later interferes with a person’s life or health. With many PTSD patients, they have developed eating disorders because they find that this is the only way to control their physical and emotional manifestations. Studies hav e shown dramatically the relation between patients who suffer from PTSD and those who develop eatingRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Ptsd959 Words   |  4 Pagesbecomes a real reality. Losing fellow friends, seeing heinous and often gruesome separation of body and limps and doctors check off as â€Å"A ok†. The true effects of PTSD are not limited to soldiers and the effects of PTSD are so vast that medical professionals often have troubles diagnosing all cases. Not to mention many victims of PTSD are unaware of what is causing all their anxiety attacks or depression so mix that all in with a government that doesn’t properly fund its veterans returning from battleRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Ptsd Symptoms1768 Words   |  8 Pagescompleted by participants who were determined to exhibit PTSD symptoms. The questionnaires in which we utilized included the following: the Veterans Affairs TBI screening instrument; the VAMSTA; the PHQ-9; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quali ty Index; and the Quality of Life Interview. These questionnaires presented us with information from participants’ self-reports to determine whether exposure to a blast injury or concussion led to their PTSD symptoms. The VA TBI screening instrument is a four-section toolRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Ptsd1262 Words   |  6 Pageshave different symptoms such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and other issues. This trauma history will align with the diagnosis to make it clearer. A soldier has will be cycling through emotions due to lack of sleep, stress, depression, and not being able to be stable. It is important to have a non-structured interview because it will help the social worker be able to make a connection with the client. The results for this case will be important because the worst traumatic The evidenceRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Ptsd2748 Words   |  11 Pages or rather PTSD. People have been suffering from Post-traumatic Stress Disorder since the beginning of time. It is caused by something terrible that has happened and is embedded in your mind and you cannot forget it. It causes you to have nightmares, be afraid of going around people, or doing anything. It can cause you to become a shut-in. In this paper, I will discuss the symptoms and treatment for PTSD. In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) added PTSD to the thirdRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Ptsd Veterans1514 Words   |  7 Pagessystem and society in regards to PTSD and veterans. How can the American veterans be better taken care of? I will focus on the following four specific issues that are in need of reform, 1. How can wait times be decreased for veterans seeking mental health treatment? 2. How can the stigma attached to PTSD in veterans be eliminated? 3. How can veterans receive immediate assistance in times of crisis? 4. How can we ensure that diagnosed PTSD veterans will continue treatment after receiving full monetaryRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1570 Words   |  7 PagesPosttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) every year. Every PTSD victim encounters different experiences and symptoms that coincide with their trauma. Many forms of treatment and coping mechanisms have been attempted in the past decade to produce relief. There have been a few successful forms or treatment and there have also been treatment routes that have been detrimental to the success and overcoming of victims’ symptoms. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a new treatment option that is availableRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Ptsd1335 Words   |  6 PagesPosttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can occur after the exposure to a traumatic event. It affects approximately 1 million Australians in any one year, and 12% of Australians w ill experience PTSD symptoms in their lifetime (Beyond Blue, 2015). A clinical component of PTSD is the painful re-experience of the traumatic event in the form of intrusive images, nightmares and flashbacks which are often accompanied with avoidant reactions and symptoms of arousal and distress (AmericanRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1522 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most severe trauma- and stressor- related disorder. PTSD was first included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in 1980 after the Vietnam War. Today, according to Koenen and Galea (2015), â€Å"The majority of adults report exposure to at least one traumatic event in their lifetime.† Many of these individuals will struggle with PTSD. This report will give the diagnostic criteria for PTSD while focusing on Iraq and AfghanistanRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress On Brain Functioning1748 Words   |  7 Pagesevaluate prazosin as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. Specifically, the study focuses on the treatment of sleep disturbances such as insomnia, nightmares and altered sleep schedules. The hypotheses of this study is that the subjects with PTSD will perform weaker in the tasks given compared to healthy subjects, and that prazosin will improve their s leep cycles and overall conditions. Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition in which

EDUCATOR AS AN ASSESSOR - 9054 Words

EDAHOD5 ASSIGNMENT 01 Unique Number: 827947 Table of contents Section Page _____________________________________________________________ Introduction 2 I. Question 1 2 a. Assessment Task 1: the educator assessment 2 b. Assessment Task 2: peer assessment 7 c. Assessment Task 3: self assessment/reflection 9 II. Question 2 12 a. Assessment Task 1 and Design an Assessment Checklist 12 b.†¦show more content†¦30% chose to produce poster on how to cope with stress and depression 10% chose to create slides on stress prevention and management. 10% chose to submit research project on dealing with stress, depression, prevention and management strategies †¦./4 -4- 8. Describe how you took into account individual learning styles, aptitudes and interests of the learners in the assessment task. Whilst designing the assessment task, considering the outcomes and different learning styles, I decided to include activities which implemented: Audio, Lingual, Tactile and/ or Spatial learning. - I also used different resources for instruction such as: Newspapers, Brochures, Magazines, Tapes, instructional models and projector to engage learners I also allowed for Question – answer lesson, group work and discussion lessons. 9. Describe how local values and standards are reflected in the assessment Local values and standards are reflected in the assessment, because the coping of depression and stress is about the developing of emotions and feelings, and about the self. The assessment will challenge the learners to think about personal plan of measures and strategies of stress towards the self (self concept) as well as other peers. 10. Give a time frame when the assessment will take place and where. Completion of the tasks by learners as well as assessment of the taskShow MoreRelatedImportance of Computer Literacy3014 Words   |  13 Pagesproved that the impact of psychological factors on computer literacy level has not been sufficiently studied. The impact of psychosocial factors on the computer literacy and its level was researched by M. Igbaria, A. Chakrabarti, (1990), A. Harrison, R. K. Jr. Rainer, (1996), G. A. Marcoulides, Y. Stocker, L. D. Marcoulides (2004), A.Brogos (2005), et al. However, despite some significant research contributions in the area, so far little attention has been given to the impact of non-cognitive personality’sRead MoreThe Impact of the New Wave of Financial Regulation for European Energy Markets10246 Words   |  41 Pagesas energy companies should not be exempted. It concludes that this set of legislation will not necessarily bring about the effects the Commission desires. a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 9 November 2011 Accepted 14 May 2012 Available online 31 May 2012 Keywords: Financial legislation Regulation European Union a b s t r a c t As the ï ¬ nancial and physical markets for energy have increasingly become intertwined, energy trade is also covered by ï ¬ nancial legislation. The EuropeanRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology and National Occupational Standards7627 Words   |  31 Pagesand special educational needs 3 develop close and consistent relationships 4 support children’s emotional well-being, confidence and resilience 5 be realistic, consistent and supportive in your responses to children’s behaviour 6 allow children to assess and take risks without over- or under-protecting them 7 use appropriate activities, materials and experiences to support learning and development 8 identify activities and equipment to support children’s play, creativity and learning, including how

Transformative Leadership Free Essays

Transformative Leadership in a Nonprofit Organization Yulanda Harris EDD8100 – Foundations of Educational Leadership and Management 1 April 21, 2013 Capella University Abstract A transformative leader is a leader who can bring about influential change in others. These leaders not only transform essential change, they change the way we think and act. Transformative leaders create practices and processes in organizations proactively. We will write a custom essay sample on Transformative Leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, transformative leaders can be found at different levels in an organization. They can hold the title ranging from supervisor to executive director. This essay primarily focuses on the challenges faced by the Training Development (TD) Specialist, who is capable of helping to make essential changes and encourage transformational leadership at Presbyterian Villages of Michigan (PVM). Introduction The purpose of nonprofit organizations is to offer programs and services to assist the public. Presbyterian Villages of Michigan (PVM) is a faith-based, nonprofit organization. PVM offers quality senior living housing and services, offering a wide range of residential service options including apartments, condominiums, assisted living, and skilled nursing care (Presbyterian Villages of Michigan, 2013). The ideal leadership style is that of a Servant Leader. According to Robert Greenleaf, servant leadership is a philosophy and set of practices that enriches the lives of individuals, builds better organizations and ultimately creates a more just and caring world (Greenleaf, 1991). In contrast or a more similarity practice, transformative leadership can transform organizational culture and influence job satisfaction of the employees. However, the supervisors and managers appear to be disengaged or a gap presents itself within the organization. Therefore, it was necessary to begin the journey of conducting research within the organization. As in the case of action research according to Joe Donaldson, the TD specialist must have a particular perspective about what is going on within the organization (Donaldson Francis, 2013). Developing Transformative Managers and Supervisors Transforming the managers and supervisors is an ongoing process primarily because he or she have not had any formal training on leadership. Typically as adult learners, we bring knowledge, skills, and abilities from previous experiences to the learning environment (Wainright, York Woodward, 2012). However, concerning the managers and supervisors at PVM they have very little experience of leadership to bring into the learning environment. They are very familiar with process and procedures therefore; this is what was predicated on their promotional opportunities with the organization. In other words they were promoted into their role base on their performance. However, they lack knowledge in the area focusing on behavioral matters and how to coach or develop the line staff. To begin the process of developing transformative leaders, the TD specialist uses the ADDIE methodology to complete a valuation of the training needs of the organization to determine if training is the best result to address the issues of the lack of leadership among the managers and supervisors. It is critical to begin the process by asking questions that will develop their ability to initiate and manage change in their department along with developing creative approaches to support strong team leadership and growth. This will allow the managers and supervisors build cohesion among each other and improve upon organizational efficiency. The following are questions that are asked during the analysis phase utilizing the ADDIE methodology. 1. What motivations you to lead a team? 2. What are some challenges you have faced as a manager or supervisor? 3. How would you describe your leadership style? . What leadership characteristics do you value about yourself? 5. What challenges do you face in your day-to-day operations with your employees? 6. How would you describe your decision-making process. For example, when your staff comes to you with a problem, how do you come to a solution? The above questions cited the importance of empowering others, inspiring others, delegation, collab oration, mentoring others. If managers and supervisors are to become transformative leaders they must answer those questions (Lansford, Clements, Falzon, Aish Rogers, 2010). The goal is to have managers and supervisors feeling capable of reaching the right decisions independently with the goal of possessing their team to feel good about their contributions. Furthermore, the TD specialist is ensuring the mission and values of the organization will affect the managers and supervisors thinking and management style. As a result they will transform organizational culture and inspire job satisfaction of the employees. The managers and supervisors will need to form a good example, self-confidence and understand needs of the staff. This means they can motivate the staff by their actions and words, in addition to ensuring their loyalty to PVM. As a result new training programs are created to develop strategies where new competencies are being taught. This will allow managers and supervisors gain valuable insights and find new opportunities to align their job or career satisfaction and performance with the organization’s outcomes and success (Wainright, York Woodward, 2012). References: Presbyterian Villages of Michigan. (2013). Welcome to Presbyterian Villages of Michigan! Retrieved from www. pvm. org Greenleaf, R. K. (1991). The servant as leader. Indianapolis, IN: The Robert K. Greenleaf Center. [Originally published in 1970, by Robert K. Greenleaf]. Retrieved from http://www. greenleaf. org/ Donaldson, J. , Francis, B. (2013). Converstion about research. Retrieved from www. capella. edu Wainright, C. , York, G. , Woodward, B. (n. d. ). A transformative framework for. (2012). The Journal of Health Administration Education, 40-70. Lansford, M. , Clements, V. , Falzon, T. , Aish, D. , Rogers, R. (n. d. ). Essential leadership traits of female executives in the non-profit sector. (2010). The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 6(1), 51-62. How to cite Transformative Leadership, Papers

Business Profile of QB House-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: You are required to prepare a report monitoring the Importance of developing Business skills needed in reviewing and managing the performance of a small sole Proprietorship. Answer: Introduction This report presents the business profile of QB House. It is also supportive to gain understanding regarding the advantages and disadvantages of entrepreneurship. This report explains concept of intrapreneur and entrepreneur. It also discusses the financial statement and SWOT to understand the financial and internal condition of QB House. It also demonstrates the skills of entrepreneurs for starting new business. This report shows the objectives, planning, and strategies of entrepreneurship. In addition, this report also discusses the reward and risk factors that can influence the performance of new business. Business profile In Hong Kong, QB HOUSE offers haircutting service to their targeted consumers. This organization cannot offer certain services like blowing, shampooing, and shaving. Because, QB HOUSE is believed that such acts of consumers can be managed by themselves. The major aim of this company is to focus on haircutting service. QB HOUSE has less than 10 employees (QB HOUSE, 2017). In the current scenario, more than 33000 small and medium enterprises are established in Hong Kong. It can be a positive impact on the development of the Hong Kong economy. The SMEs can help to obtain higher profit in less time and cost. In the existing business scenario, it is analyzed that the trade and industry development can positive impact on the improvement of small and medium-sized enterprises performance in Hong Kong. As a result, SMEs can be able to obtain a higher competitive benefit (Cuerva, et al., 2014). Small and medium-sized enterprise is defined as manufacturing enterprises where less than 100 staff member are employed while non-production business have employed fewer than 45 workforces (Brunswicker, et al., 2015). In the existing period, it is evaluated that approximately 290,000 SMEs accounts are opened for local business. The small and medium-sized enterprise provides benefit to more than 65% of private sector workforces. It is evaluated that 90% of Hong Kong ente rprises have less than 10 employees that can be a major issue for the organization (Classen, et al., 2014). Meaning of entrepreneurship The entrepreneurship refers to the ability and willingness to build, manage, and organize the firm to make profit. The starting of a new venture in the marketplace can be the best example of entrepreneurship. In the entrepreneurship, an entrepreneur considers three factors such as land, capital, and resources. The entrepreneurship refers to the innovation and risk-taking which are significant part of the business for obtaining the competitive benefit. In addition, an entrepreneur may face many challenges at the time of starting the small and medium-sized business enterprise. The entrepreneurs are competent to obtain many advantages from the SMEs such as increase consumer loyalty, faster decision, and easier to make linked with employee and company. Further, entrepreneurs are able to build liaison among employees by using easier communication way (Lee, et al., 2015). The major advantage of SMEs is to build closer relationship with consumer because it identifies the needs and requirements of consumer. In the SMEs, management can be capable to take a faster decision as it would help to solve the business issues in less time. Besides this, the company may also face many disadvantages at the time of starting a new business in the market such as difficult to collect the capital, difficulty to reach a larger number of consumers, and make a favorable image in the consumer mind. Other factors are higher cost, less skilled person, complexity in using the modern technology, and low bargaining power. In addition, it can be said that the entrepreneur faces major issues at the time of collecting the capital to operate their business systematically. It is very difficult for the entrepreneur to make positive image amongst the consumers towards their product and services. The initial cost of investment could be expensive as it creates the complexity for the entr epreneur to operate their business in the marketplace (Child, et al., 2014). Difference between entrepreneur and entrepreneur The following table demonstrates the difference between entrepreneur and entrepreneur Bases of Difference Entrepreneur Intrapreneur Dependency The entrepreneur relies on the business operation. While the Intrapreneur is based on the entrepreneur. Funds Raising The funds are raised by the entrepreneurs himself that are required in the enterprise. The funds or capital cannot be raised by the Intrapreneur. Risk The entrepreneurs bear all types of risk that are occurred in the enterprise. The Intrapreneur cannot bear the uncertainties that are included in the enterprises. Operation The entrepreneur runs from outside. Besides this, an intrapreneur functions within the working place itself. Approaches Intuitive Restorative Enterprise Initially established An existing one Characteristic of effective entrepreneurship Entrepreneurs are goal oriented as it helps to make successful entrepreneurship. The entrepreneurs make all the decision within an organization such as they are responsible to inspire the each member of business towards their goal. Furthermore, entrepreneurs are responsible to engage their employees towards their task which is effective to grab the opportunity for future success. The entrepreneurs are also committed to their business operation until they got success (Tarut?, et al., 2014). Profit and loss statement for QB House SWOT analysis of QB House Strength Low-Cost production Specific services to the consumers Higher employment rate Support of Government Weakness Lack of attractive infrastructure Lack of awareness towards the modern technology Lack of skilled employees Opportunity Adaption of appropriate marketing Approaches in context of MNCs Threat Entry of Multinational organizations Corruption level Impacts and illustration of SMEs in Hong Kong SMEs (Small and medium-sized enterprises) are the strength of industrial development. It can be effective for both countries such as developing and developed. The SMEs focuses on the economic development model, which is based on certain factors such as high contribution to regional production, export earnings, employment generation, foreign exchange earnings, and low import-intensive and domestic production. In Hong Kong, there are also some external factors that can influence the entrepreneurship like legal, political, technological, social, economic, and environmental (Ciravegna, et al., 2014). It is also analyzed that such factors cannot be controlled by the company. In addition, it is also observed that economic crisis, consumer behavior, governmental policies, corruption, and geographical location can direct impact on SMEs. The internal factor can be easily controlled by the organization. There are certain factors that affect the SMEs like competencies of management, lack of ski lled employees, promotional technology, research and development, and CSR. Moreover, SMEs can consider both internal and external factor to improve their performance in long-term (Palacios, et al., 2015). Role and contribution to the economy in Hong Kong Small and medium-sized enterprise manages the issues at macro and micro level. It also creates the equilibrium condition between the monopoles and oligopolies market structure. Further, it can eliminate the challenges at higher level by controlling the marketing activities. The Small and medium-sized enterprises are very flexible because it has ability to make adjustment within an organziation due to minimum employees and fast decision proces (Awa, et al., 2015). It focuses on conducting the market research as it is able to meet the requirements of consumers. Simultaneously, it can be said that QB house should deeply understand the consumer preference by conducting market research as it can influence the demand of customers towards their product and services. Further, QB House can enhance their financial conditions by using the economic development model. The SMEs can build and discover the new technologies to positively influence the economy of Hong Kong. It is also analyzed that Small and medium-sized enterprises play an imperative role in the innovation procedure because they have the capability to invent the new tools and techniques and improves the existing techniques in an appropriate manner (Casey, et al., 2014). Skill set for establishing a SME A manager of QB House should different skills at the time of establishing the SMEs such as multi-tasking, leadership skills, decision making, business development skills, effective communication, and motivation skills. These are discussed as below: Multi-tasking A manager should be able to supervise the staff member and maintain their capabilities for attaining their specific goal systematically. It is also analyzed the effective manager should be capable to perform multi-task and make balance between the weaknesses and strengths of employee without losing the company productivity. Leadership The leadership skills can be imperative for managers of QB house because it can enable to lead the team member for attaining their specified goal in less time and cost. The leadership skills can facilitate the manger to inspire their team members by giving them positive example. As a result, it will improve the professional skills of employees (Gbandi, et al., 2014). Motivation The motivation can direct impact on the growth of business because it internally encourages the employee to meet their specified goal. At the same time, the manager can clear the roles and responsibilities of their employees and solve their issues to get a feasible result. Personal characteristics of entrepreneurship The personal characteristics of entrepreneur play an imperative role in the entrepreneurship for enhancing the financial performance of business. There are certain personal characteristics of entrepreneurship such as motivation and passion, risk-taking, adaptability and flexibility, management of money, planning, and networking abilities, which may affect the business performance (Hottenrott, et al., 2014). It is described as below: Motivation and passion The entrepreneur should be passionate about their specified goal and should be self-motivated because it can support them to get the reliable result. A self-motivated entrepreneur can be able to guide their employees in a positive manner and inspire themselves to attain the goal within QB house (Wamba, et al., 2016). Risk management An entrepreneur should be able to manage the risk in less time and cost by using the appropriate business concept. As a result, an entrepreneur can obtain the feasible outcome systematically. Objectives, planning, and strategies Objectives To gain the profitability of small and medium business enterprise by 25% To increase the quality of consumer services by 15% To enhance the support by 10% To increase the growth of small and business enterprise by 20% Planning and strategies QB house can use many strategies in order to meet their specified objectives. These strategies are personal selling, deliver added value to customers, positive feedback system, and offer quality product and services to the potential consumers. Rewards and risk of starting a business Rewards Job satisfaction Small and medium-sized enterprises can be supportive for creating the job satisfaction in the working place. QB House has limited employees that can be easily inspired by the entrepreneurs towards their work. Thus, it can be said that an entrepreneur can gain the job satisfaction level of employees due to small size organization (Zhou, 2016). Create jobs The small and medium-sized enterprises can provide an opportunity for the people to start their work on any new subject. It also entails the human resources to operate the business activities. Networking The SMEs can also supportive to make networking amongst the employees and consumers by fulfilling their needs. At the same time, the SMEs are very closer to the customers due to meeting their requirements as it ultimately impact on developing a robust network in the marketplace. Financial independence SMEs can provide financial independence to the entrepreneurs by giving different opportunities for them. It can also provide freedom to the entrepreneurs in terms of making profit and loss statement for their organziation. Risk There are three kinds of risk that can be faced by the entrepreneur at the time of starting a business such as financial risk, labor risk, and product risk. These are discussed as below: Financial risk The financial risk is related to the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises operation. This risk can be occurred by different factors such as interest rate, credit amount, cash flow, and market risk. It can decline the growth of business (Chong, 2014). Labor risk The labor cost can direct impact on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. It can occur from different sources such as third-party risk, union management, workplace safety, talent concerns, and regulatory shifts. It can decline the growth of enterprises. Product Risk The product risk can arise when organizational structure fails to fulfill rational preference of their consumers, stakeholders, and users. Moreover, another cause of product risk is lack of competencies among entrepreneur to fulfill the needs and expectation of their consumers. Risk and strategies for mitigating the risks and uncertainties An entrepreneur can decline the financial risk at the working place such as avoid the assumption in the context of the liability design, observer the corporate formalities and make an effective plan before putting money in the business operation. Besides this, the labor risk can be managed by using different strategies such as appropriate selection of employees, training and development method, improve working culture, and enhance the skilled labor at the working place. In addition, it can also be said that the product risk can be improved by offering the quality product and services, enhance the consumer loyalty, and application of social media (Wamba, et al., 2016). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that small and medium-sized enterprises can be positive impact on the growth of the economy. In addition, it can also be summarized that there are different types of risk that can be faced by the entrepreneurs such as financial, product, and labor risk. Finally, it can be illustrated that the SMEs can enhance the job satisfaction level, create more jobs, fulfill the need of consumers, and create the networking in Hong Kong. References Awa, H. O., Ojiabo, O. U., and Emecheta, B. C. (2015) Integrating TAM, TPB and TOE frameworks and expanding their characteristic constructs for e-commerce adoption by SMEs.,Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management,6(1), pp. 76-94. Brunswicker, S., and Vanhaverbeke, W. (2015) Open innovation in small and medium?sized enterprises (SMEs): External knowledge sourcing strategies and internal organizational facilitators,Journal of Small Business Management,53(4), pp.1241-1263. Casey, E., and O'Toole, C. M. (2014) Bank lending constraints, trade credit and alternative financing during the financial crisis: Evidence from European SMEs.Journal of Corporate Finance,27, pp. 173-193. Child, J., and Hsieh, L. H. (2014) Decision mode, information and network attachment in the internationalization of SMEs: A configurational and contingency analysis,Journal of World Business,49(4), pp. 598-610. Chong, S. (2014) Business process management for SMEs: an exploratory study of implementation factors for the Australian wine industry,Journal of Information Systems and Small Business,1(1-2), pp. 41-58. Ciravegna, L., Lopez, L., and Kundu, S. (2014) Country of origin and network effects on internationalization: A comparative study of SMEs from an emerging and developed economy,Journal of Business Research,67(5), pp. 916-923. Classen, N., Carree, M., Van Gils, A., and Peters, B. (2014) Innovation in family and non-family SMEs: an exploratory analysis.Small Business Economics,42(3), pp. 595-609. Cuerva, M. C., Triguero-Cano, ., and Crcoles, D. (2014) Drivers of green and non-green innovation: empirical evidence in Low-Tech SMEs,Journal of Cleaner Production,68, pp. 104-113. Gbandi, E. C., and Amissah, G. (2014) Financing options for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria,European Scientific Journal, ESJ,10(1). Hottenrott, H., and Lopes-Bento, C. (2014) (International) RandD collaboration and SMEs: The effectiveness of targeted public RandD support schemes,Research Policy,43(6), pp. 1055-1066. Klewitz, J., and Hansen, E. G. (2014) Sustainability-oriented innovation of SMEs: a systematic review,Journal of Cleaner Production,65, pp. 57-75. Lee, N., Sameen, H., and Cowling, M. (2015) Access to finance for innovative SMEs since the financial crisis,Research Policy,44(2), pp. 370-380. Palacios-Marqus, D., Soto-Acosta, P., and Merig, J. M. (2015) Analyzing the effects of technological, organizational and competition factors on Web knowledge exchange in SMEs.,Telematics and Informatics,32(1), pp. 23-32. QB House (2017) about us. [Online]. Available at: https://www.qbhouse.com/hk/en/about/ (accessed: 27 November). Tarut?, A., and Gatautis, R. (2014) ICT impact on SMEs performance,Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,110, pp. 1218-1225. Wamba, S. F., and Carter, L. (2016) Social media tools adoption and use by SMEs: An empirical study, InSocial Media and Networking: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 791-806). IGI Global. Zhou, B. (2016) Lean principles, practices, and impacts: a study on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs),Annals of Operations Research,241(1-2), pp. 457-474